Digestive system

 

Digestive System

1. The digestive system functions majorly in:

Intake and transportation of gases to tissues

Distribution of nutrients to tissues

Reduction of complex food substances into absorbable forms

Elimination of bacteria

2. An accessory digestive organ is:

Mouth

Stomach

Pancreas

Caecum

3. Chemical digestion is mostly carried out by:

Teeth and tongue

Skeletal and smooth muscle

Enzymes and acids

Hormones and mucus

4. The simple columnar epithelium lining the stomach and intestines function in:

Absorption

Protection

Digestion

excretion

5. Chemical digestion is mostly carried out by:

Teeth and tongue

Skeletal and smooth muscle

Enzymes and acids

Hormones and mucus

6. A superior relation of the oral cavity is:

Palate

Tongue

Cheek

Oropharynx

7. During chewing, food is kept between the upper and lower teeth by the action of:

Mandible and maxilla

Buccinator and orbicularis oris

Tongue and lips

Hard and soft palate

8. Which of this information about deciduous dentition is false?

There are twenty teeth

Premolars are absent

There are three molars

Eruption begins at six month

9. Premolars and molars function majorly in:

Chopping and cutting

Biting and tearing

Crushing and grinding

Pinching and punching

10. The stomach lining is protected from HCl by alkaline secretions from:

Mucous neck cells

Surface mucous cells

Chief cells

Parietal cells

11. The intake of food into the mouth is termed:

A.   Ingestion

B.   Digestion

C.   Swallowing

D.  Biting

12. The wall of the gastrointestinal tract consists of the following layers except:

A.   Mucosa

B.   Submucosa

C.   Serosa

D.  Visceral

13. The serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the viscera is called:

A.   Mesocolon

B.   Mesentery

C.   Omentum

D.  Peritoneum

14. The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by the:

A.   Gums

B.   Hard palate

C.   Oral vestibule

D.  Gingivae

15. A salivary gland located anterior and inferior to the ear is:

A.   Parotid gland

B.   Submandibular gland

C.   Sublingual gland

D.  Lingual gland

16. The digestion of starch begins in the mouth by the action of:

A.   Lingual lipase

B.   Maltase

C.   Enterokinase

D.  Salivary amylase

17. Mechanical digestion in the mouth is carried out by:

A.   Teeth and tongue

B.   Salivary amylase

C.   Hard and soft palate

D.  Gums and cheeks

18. The location of the oesophagus is:

A.   Anterior to the trachea

B.   Posterior to the trachea

C.   Posterior to the vertebral column

D.  Lateral to the vertebral column

19. Entry of food into the stomach is regulated by:

A.   Cricopharyngeal sphincter

B.   Cardiac sphincter

C.   Pyloric sphincter

D.  Iliocaecal sphincter

20. The voluntary stage of deglutition is:

A.   Oral stage

B.   Pharyngeal stage

C.   Oesophageal stage

D.  Gastric stage

21. The main storage portion of the stomach is:

A.   Fundus

B.   Body

C.   Anthrum

D.  Pylorus

22. Mixing of food with gastric juice occurs majorly at:

A.   Fundus

B.   Body

C.   Anthrum

D.  Pylorus

23. What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A.   Prevents backward movement of food into the oesophagus

B.   Prevents backward movement of food into the stomach

C.   Facilitates gastric emptying

D.  Stimulates gastric juice secretion

24. Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the stomach by:

A.   Mucous neck cells

B.   Surface mucous cells

C.   Chief cells

D.  Parietal cells

25. The stomach lining is protected from HCl corrosion by:

A.   Mucous neck cells

B.   Surface mucous cells

C.   Chief cells

D.  Parietal cells

26. Mixture of food and gastric juice forms:

A.   Bolus

B.   Gastrin

C.   Chyme

D.  Mucus

 

 

27. Which of these is not a function of stomach acid?

A.   Deactivation of salivary amylase

B.   Conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin

C.   Breakdown of starch

D.  Destruction of bacteria

28. Heartburn is commonly caused by:

A.   Reflux of stomach acid into the oesophagus

B.   Contact of stomach acid with the heart

C.   Weak pyloric sphincter

D.  High cardiac temperature

29. Which of this information about the small intestine is false?

A.   It is about 5 metres long

B.   It absorbs 90% of nutrients

C.   It secretes hormones such as cholecystokinin and secretin

D.  It is shorter than the large intestine

30. The shortest portion of the small intestine is:

A.   Duodenum

B.   Jejunum

C.   Ileum

D.  Caecum

31. Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?

A.   Cholecystokinin

B.   Insulin

C.   Gastrin

D.  Secretin

32. The small intestine has a large surface area for absorption due to

A.   Circular folds

B.   Villi

C.   Microvilli

D.  Its length

33. The gallbladder:

A.   Produces bile

B.   Stores bile

C.   Secretes enzymes

D.  Attaches to the anterior surface of the liver

34. Enzymes that digest carbohydrates are produced by:

A.   Mouth and Stomach

B.   Mouth and salivary glands

C.   Salivary glands and pancreas

D.  Stomach and Liver

35. The primary function of bile is:

A.   Emulsification of lipids

B.   Breakdown of fats

C.   Digestion of carbohydrates

D.  Production of  hormones

36. The greater curvature of the stomach faces:

A.   Medially

B.   Laterally

C.   Anteriorly

D.  Posteriorly

37. The stomach is continuous with the oesophagus at:

A.   Gastric sphincter

B.   Pyloric sphincter

C.   Cardiac sphincter

D.  Iliocecal sphincter

38. The vein that conveys absorbed nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is called:

A.   Gastric vein

B.   Hepatic vein

C.   Gastointestinal vein

D.  Hepatic portal vein

39. The average length of the small intestine is:

A.   10 metres

B.   5 metres

C.   3 metres

D.  1 metres

40. Oxygenated blood supply to the liver is via:

A.   Hepatic artery

B.   Portal artery

C.   Superior mesenteric artery

D.  Inferior mesenteric artery

 

 

41. 90% of absorption occurs at:

A.   Stomach

B.   Small intestine

C.   Large Intestine

D.  Liver

42. Which layer of the GIT contains epithelial tissues?

A.   Mucosa

B.   Submucosa

C.   Muscularis

D.  Serosa

43. The adventitia is only found at:

A.   Mouth

B.   Oesophagus

C.   Small intestine

D.  Large intestine

44. The two principal lobes of the liver are separated by a peritoneal fold called:

A.   Greater omentum

B.   Lesser omentum

C.   Falciform ligament

D.  Mesentery

45. Bile leaves the liver through:

A.   Hepatic portal vein

B.   Hepatic duct

C.   Common hepatic duct

D.  Common bile duct

46. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas enters the duodenum via:

A.   Common bile duct

B.   Cystic duct

C.   Hepatopancreatic ampulla

D.  Pancreatic duct

47. Digestion of starch in the small intestine is done by:

A.   Salivary amylase

B.   Pancreatic amylase

C.   Lingual lipase

D.  Pepsinogen

 

48. The lip is attached to the gum by:

A.   Hard palate

B.   Soft palate

C.   Lingual frenulum

D.  Labial frenulum

49. The entrance to the oral cavity is called:

A.   Lips

B.   Vestibule

C.   Teeth

D.  Gingivae

50. During Swallowing, food is kept away from the nasopharynx by:

A.   Soft palate and Uvula

B.   Epiglottis

C.   Hard palate and Tongue

D.  Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

51. Where are the palatine tonsils situated?

A.   Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

B.   Between the nasopharynx and oropharynx

C.   Between the oral cavity and nasal cavity

D.  Between the oral cavity and pharynx

52. The superior surface of the tongue is lined by:

A.   Simple squamous epithelium

B.   Stratified squamous epithelium

C.   Simple columnar epithelium

D.  Stratified columnar epithelium

53. The tongue plays a digestive role in:

A.   Taste

B.   Swallowing

C.   Speech

D.  Chewing

54. An example of a minor salivary gland is:

A.   Parotid gland

B.   Hyoid gland

C.   Labial gland

D.  Oral gland

 

55. Which of these is not a component of saliva?

A.   Water

B.   Mucus

C.   Amylase

D.  Creatinine

56. The average quantity of saliva produced daily is:

A.   5 litres

B.   3 litres

C.   2.5 litres

D.  1.5 litres

57. What happens during dehydration?

A.   Salivary glands secrete more saliva

B.   Salivary glands secrete less saliva

C.   More salivary amylase is secreted

D.  Less salivary amylase is secreted

58. Which of these is not a product of starch digestion in the mouth?

A.   Glucose

B.   Maltose

C.   Maltotriose

D.  α-dextrin

59. The precise location of the teeth is:

A.   Gums cavity

B.   Alveolar processes of maxillae and mandible

C.   Periodontal ligament

D.  Apical foramen

60. The tooth is protected against wear and tear by:

A.   Dentin

B.   Enamel

C.   Cementum

D.  Periodontal ligament

61. The most visible portion of the tooth is:

A.   Dentin

B.   Enamel

C.   Cementum

D.  Gingivae

 

62. The major component of the tooth is:

A.   Gingivae

B.   Dentin

C.   Enamel

D.  Crown

63. The root of the tooth is attached to the periodontal ligament by:

A.   Gingivae

B.   Cementum

C.   Root canal

D.  Pulp cavity

64. The internal space within the crown is called:

A.   Root canal

B.   Pulp cavity

C.   Apical foramen

D.  Gingival sulcus

65. The total number of molars in the permanent teeth is:

A.   3

B.   6

C.   9

D.  12

66. The adult canines are:

A.   1

B.   2

C.   3

D.  4

67. Deciduous dentition has:

A.   3 molars

B.   2 premolars

C.   2 incisors

D.  1 molar

68. Tearing of food such as meat is conveniently done using:

A.   Incisors

B.   Canines

C.   Premolars

D.  Molars

 

69. Chemical digestion begins in which of these organs?

A.   Mouth

B.   Stomach

C.   Small intestine

D.  Large intestine

70. Absorption begins in the:

A.   Mouth

B.   Stomach

C.   Small intestines

D.  Large intestine

71. The pharynx begins from the oral cavity and terminates anteriorly at:

A.   Hard palate

B.   Fauces

C.   oesophagus

D.  Larynx

Use the diagram below to answer questions 72 – 77

 

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72. The part labelled C is:

A.   Pylorus

B.   Body

C.   Lesser curvature

D.  Fundus

 

73. The portion labelled A is faces:

A.   Anteriorly

B.   Posteriorly

C.   Medially

D.  Laterally

74. The rugae are labelled as:

A.   A

B.   D

C.   E

D.  G

75. Contraction of the stomach is achieved by the action of:

A.   B

B.   D

C.   G

D.  H

76. Food is mainly stored in:

A.   B

B.   C

C.   E

D.  F

77. The pyloric sphincter is:

A.   A

B.   B

C.   G

D.  H

78. The average length of the oesophagus is:

A.   10 cm

B.   15 cm

C.   20 cm

D.  25 cm

79. The oesophagus is located:

A.   Anterior to the trachea

B.   Posterior to the trachea

C.   Behind the vertebral column

D.  Medial to the sternum

 

80. The outer layer of the oesophagus is:

A.   Mucosa

B.   Muscularis

C.   Serosa

D.  Adventitia

81. The movement of food from the oral cavity into the oropharynx forms the _______ phase of swallowing:

A.   Oral phase

B.   Pharyngeal phase

C.   Oesophageal phase

D.  Laryngeal phase

82. During the _______ phase of deglutition, impulses are sent to the deglutition centres in the brainstem

A.   Oral

B.   Pharyngeal

C.   Oesophageal

D.  Laryngeal

83. Peristalsis occurs in which phase of deglutition?

A.   Oral

B.   Pharyngeal

C.   Oesophageal

D.  Laryngeal

84. The hormone gastrin is secreted in:

A.   Liver

B.   Stomach

C.   Duodenum

D.  Caecum

85. A superior relation of the ascending colon is:

A.   Hepatic flexure

B.   Splenic flexure

C.   Stomach

D.  Liver

86. The head of the pancreas is usually surrounded by:

A.   Liver

B.   Diaphragm

C.   Duodenum

D.  Pancreas

87. Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach by:

A.   Chief cells

B.   Parietal cells

C.   Pepsin cells

D.  Mucous neck cells

88. In the stomach, salivary amylase is deactivated by:

A.   HCl

B.   Pepsinogen

C.   Pepsin

D.  Lingual lipase

89. The middle portion of the small intestine is:

A.   Duodenum

B.   Jejunum

C.   Ileum

D.  Caecum

90. The longest part of the small intestine is:

A.   Duodenum

B.   Jejunum

C.   Ileum

D.  Caecum

91. Blood supply to the small intestine is via:

A.   Intestinal artery

B.   Superior mesenteric artery

C.   Inferior mesenteric artery

D.  Gastrointestinal artery

92. The duodenum is protected from acidic chyme by alkaline secretions from:

A.   Crypts of lieberkuhn

B.   Peyer’s patches

C.   Brunners glands

D.  Microvilli

93. In the small intestine, sucrose is broken down into:’

A.   Glucose and fructose

B.   Glucose and galactose

C.   Glucose and maltotriose

D.  Glucose and maltose

 

94. The end product of protein digestion is:

A.   Peptides

B.   Proteases

C.   Amino acids

D.  Glycoproteins

95. Digested food substances are absorbed into the blood and taken to the liver by:

A.   Superior mesenteric vein

B.   Inferior mesenteric veins

C.   Hepatic portal veins

D.  Gastroepiploic veins

96. The average length of the large intestine is:

A.   1 metre

B.   1.5 metres

C.   5 metres

D.  10 metres

97. The second part of the large intestine is:

A.   Ascending colon

B.   Descending colon

C.   Transverse colon

D.  Sigmoid colon

98. Voluntary contraction of the anus to retain faeces is possible due to the presence of:

A.   External anal sphincter

B.   Internal anal sphincter

C.   Gluteus maximum

D.  Gluteus minimus

99. Which of these is not part of the portal triad?

A.   Hepatic artery

B.   Hepatic Vein

C.   Portal Vein

D.  Hepatic portal vein

100. Which of these is not a function of the liver?

A.   Secretion of bile

B.   Detoxification of drugs

C.   Digestion of food

D.  Excretion of bilirubin

 

 

101. What is your total score?

A.   100% (Genius)

B.   More than 80% but less than 100% (Excellent)

C.   Less than 80% but more than 50% (Good)

D.  Less than 50% (Poor)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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1. C

2. C

3. C

4. A

5. C

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. C

10. B

11. A

12. D

13. D

14. B

15. A

16. D

17. A

18. B

19. B

20. A

21. A

22. B

23. B

24. D

25. B

26. C

27. C

28. A

29. D

30. A

31. A

32. B

33. B

34. C

35. A

36. B

37. C

38. D

39. B

40. A

41. A

42. A

43. B

44. C

45. C

46. C

47. B

48. D

49. B

50. A

51. A

52. B

53. D

54. C

55. D

56. D

57. B

58. A

59. B

60. B

61. B

62. B

63. B

64. D

65. D

66. D

67. C

68. B

69. A

70. B

71. D

72. D

73. C

74. C

75. B

76. B

77. D

78. D

79. B

80. D

81. A

82. B

83. C

84. B

85. D

86. C

87. A

88. A

89. B

90. C

91. B

92. C

93. A

94. C

95. C

96. B

97. A

98. A

99. C

100. C