Introduction to Anatomy/Physiology

 INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Compiled by Oba Mike

Instruction: Practice without the answers first.

1. Anatomy is primarily concerned with:

Normal structures of the body

Normal functions of the body

Abnormal structures of the body

Abnormal functions of the body

2. Physiology deals with:

Normal structures of the body

Normal functions of the body

Abnormal structures of the body

Abnormal functions of the body

3. A scientist observing the flow of blood through the heart is studying:

Anatomy

Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology

Embryology

4. Which of these is not a physiological process?

Breeze

Hearing

Defecation

Urination 

5. The study of tissues using a microscope is called:

Gross anatomy

Embryology

Histology

Cytology

6. The human body is generally divided into:

2 regions

3 regions

4 regions

5 regions

7. Which of these is not part of the trunk?

Head

Thorax

Abdomen

Back 

8. The portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and elbow joints is called:

Arm 

Forearm

Wrist

Hand

9. The region containing the heart is:

Neck

Thorax

Abdomen

Back 

10. The correct sequence of human structural organization is:

Chemical – cellular – organ – tissue – system – organism

Cellular – chemical – tissue – organ – system – organism

Chemical – cellular – tissue – organ – system – organism

Cellular – organ – chemical – tissue – system – organism

11. Glucose, Amino acids and DNA are parts of:

Chemical level of organization

Tissue level of organization

Cellular level of organization

None of the above

12. The cranial cavity is bounded anteriorly by:

Frontal bone

Parietal bone

Sphenoid bone

Occipital bone

13. Which is not a content of the mediastinum?

Heart

Thymus

Oesophagus

Lung

14. The pleural cavity contains:

Heart

Trachea

Lung

Oesophagus

15. The vertebral canal begins from:

Atlas 

Axis

Clavicle

Scapular 

16. The superior boundary of the abdominal cavity is:

Diaphragm

Xiphoid process

Sternum

Lumbar vertebrae

17. A content of the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity is:

Caecum

Sigmoid colon

Spleen

Duodenum

18.  One of the symptoms of appendicitis is pain at the:

Right upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Left lower quadrant

19.  The following regions contain the liver except:

Right hypochondrium

Epigastric

Right lumbar

Umbilicus

20. The stomach is located more in:

Epigastrium

Right hypochondrium

Left hypochondrium

Hypogastrium

Use the diagram below to answer questions 21 – 25

21. The umbilicus is labelled:

1

5

8

9

22. The spleen is located in:

1

3

4

9

23. A structure found in 2 is:

Transverse colon

Appendix

Gallbladder

Uterus

24. Trauma to 3 may affect the:

Ovary

Stomach

Gallbladder

Lungs

25. The part marked 8 is called:

Umbilicus

Hypogastrium

Epigastrium

Inguinal 

26. Examples of ipsilateral structures are:

Ascending colon and descending colon

Ribs and sternum

Oesophagus and trachea

Stomach and spleen

27. Movement of the limb away from the body midline is termed:

Flexion

Extension

Abduction

Adduction

28. The term ‘cephalic’ means:

Towards the head

Away from the head

Along the trunk

Below the trunk

29. Anterior also means:

Dorsal 

Ventral

Cephalic

Cranial

30. A vertical line that divides the body or organ into left and right sides is called:

Frontal plane

Sagittal plane

Transverse plane

Oblique 

31. The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is termed:

Haemostasis

Homeostasis

Haemolysis

Haemopoiesis

32. The control system of the body is:

Nervous system

Brain

Spinal cord

Liver

33. A structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition:

Receptor

Effector

Sensor

Control centre

34. The following are controlled conditions except:

Blood pressure

Body temperature

Haemostasis

Glucose level

35. Which of the following describes negative feedback mechanism?

Normal childbirth

Lactation

Micturition

Regulation of blood pressure

36. The internal lining of hollow organs is formed by:

Epithelial tissues

Connective tissues

Nervous tissue

Muscle tissue

37. Which of the following is a tissue?

Blood

Neuron

Ovum

Neutrophil

38. The following are functions of epithelial tissues except:

Secretion 

Absorption

Insulation

Filtration

39. Which of these statements about epithelial tissues is false?

They are avascular

They undergo rapid cell division

They are subjected to high stress and injury.

They mostly form the middle layer of organs.

40. An epithelium with a single layer of cells is called:

Simple epithelium

Stratified epithelium

Squamous epithelium

Cuboidal epithelium

41. A pseudostratified epithelium has:

Single layer of cells

Double layers of cells

Multiple layers of cells

None of the above

42. The internal lining of blood vessels is formed by:

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

43. The epithelium present in the small intestine is:

Simple squamous

Stratified columnar

Simple columnar

Stratified columnar

44. The epithelium present in the large intestine is specialized in:

Secretion

Absorption

Filtration

Protection 

45. Transitional epithelium is found in:

Lungs

Heart

Ureter

Gallbladder

46. The location of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is :

Trachea

Ovary

Stomach

Brain 

47. The outer layer of the skin is formed by:

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epthelium

Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

48.  An epithelium with single layer of flat cells can be found in:

Alveoli of lungs

Oral cavity

Nasal cavity

GI tract

49. Glands that secrete substances into ducts are:

Endocrine glands

Exocrine glands

Simple glands

Compound glands

50. The secretory surfaces of tubular glands is:

Straight

Coiled

Round

Curved

51. Intestinal glands are examples of:

Simple tubular 

Simple acinar

Compound tubular

Compound acinar

52. The bulbourethral gland is a:

Simple tubular gland

Compound acinar gland

Compound tubular gland

Simple coiled tubular gland

53.  Apocrine glands are:

Glands that release their secretions without damage to the cells

Glands that release their secretion with little damage to the cells

Glands that release their secretions total damage to the cells

Glands that release their secretions together with the secretory surface.

54. The mammary gland is a typical example of:

Merocrine gland

Apocrine gland

Holocrine gland

Eccrine gland

55. Salivary glands are:

Apocrine glands

Merocrine glands

Holocrine glands

Eccrine glands

56. The most numerous exocrine glands are:

Merocrine

Apocrine

Holocrine

Eccrine

57. The most abundant tissues in the body are:

Nervous tissue

Muscle tissues

Epithelial tissues

Connective tissues

58. The following are connective tissue cells except:

Fibroblasts

Myocytes

Adipocytes

Thrombocytes

Macrophages 

59. Exchange of substances between connective tissue cells is made possible by:

Ground substance

Fibres

Membranes

Pores 

60. Which of these is not a connective tissue fibre?

Collagen fibre

Fibrinogen fibre

Reticular fibre

Elastic fibre

61. The longitudinal muscle found in the large intestine is an example of:

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Voluntary muscle

62. Which of these muscles is voluntary?

Uterine muscle

Bladder muscle

External anal sphincter

Oesophageal muscle

63. The gluteus maximus found in the buttocks is an example of:

Smooth muscle

Skeletal muscle

Nonstriated muscle

Involuntary muscle

64. Cardiac muscles are mostly found at:

Heart

Lungs

Liver

Stomach

65. Which is not a striated muscle?

Bicep brachii

Orbicularis oris

Uterine muscle

Sternocleidomastoid

66. Loose connective tissues include the following except:

Areolar connective tissue

Elastic connective tissue

Adipose tissue

Reticular tissue

67. An undifferentiated embryonic connective tissue is:

Mesenchyme

Bone

Lymph

Cartilage

68. The most abundant connective tissue fibre is:

Collagen fibre

Elastic fibre

Fibrinogen fibre

Reticular fibre

69. The skin contains more of:

Collagen fibre

Elastic fibre

Fibrinogen fibre

Reticular fibre

70. Lymph is an example of:

Loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue

Cartilage

Liquid connective tissue 

71. In the anatomical position, the object:

Faces the floor

Faces the observer

Faces the sides

Faces the roof

72. Which region of the upper limb has the humerus?

Arm

Forearm

Wrist

Shoulder 

73. The ascending and descending colon are:

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

Dorsal

Ventral

74. The human body without the head, neck and limbs is called:

Imbercile

Handicap

Groin

Trunk 

75. The tunica adventitia of a blood vessel is composed major of:

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Use the diagram below to answer questions 76 - 86

76. The part labelled ‘1’ is :

Head

Brain

Cranial cavity

Occipital bone

77. The content of ‘b’ is:

Spinal cord

Oesophagus

Trachea

Throat

78. The heart is situated in:

a

c

d

e

79. The thoracic cavity is labelled:

a

c

2

3

80.  The part labelled ‘6’ is:

Thoracic cavity

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

81. The portion labelled ‘e’ is:

Mediastinum

Diaphragm

Abdomen

Ribcage 

82. The largest body cavity is:

1

2

3

5

83. ‘C’ contains:

Heart

Lungs

Oesophagus

Liver

84. The stomach can be located precisely in:

2

3

5

6

85. The pelvic cavity is:

3

4

5

6

86. An empty urinary bladder is situated in:

3

4

5

6

Use the diagram below to answer questions 87 – 92

87. ‘A’ is:

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium

88. One of the locations of ‘A’ is:

Blood vessels

Oral cavity

Urinary bladder

Stomach

89. ‘E’ is:

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

90. Absorption of food in the gastrointestinal tract is carried out by:

A

B

C

D

91. Simple cuboidal epithelium is:

A

B

C

D

92. The epithelial tissue found in the inner layer of the heart is:

A

B

C

D

Use the diagram below to answer questions 93 – 100

93. The forearm is labelled:

5

6

7

8

94. The umbilicus is:

22

23

24

25

95. The part labelled ‘14’ is:

Leg

Foot

Ankle

Lower limb

96. Which of these is not part of the trunk?

19

20

21

22

97. The humerus is found in:

5

6

7

8

98. The abdomen is labelled:

22

23

24

25

99. The largest cavity in the body is situated in:

1

20

22

28

100. The diaphragm is located between:

19 and 20

20 and 22

22 and 25

25 and 27

Answers

A

B

B

A

C

D

A

A

B

C

A

A

D

C

A

A

D

B

D

C

B

B

A

B

B

D

C

A

B

B

B

B

A

C

D

A

A

C

D

A

A

A

C

B

C

A

B

A

B

A

A

C

B

B

B

A

D

B

A

B

B

C

B

A

C

B

A

A

B

D

B

A

B

D

B

C

A

C

C

D

B

C

B

D

B

B

A

A

C

C

B

A

B

B

C

A

B

A

C

B